稀疏微波成像信号处理方法研究

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　　摘要：主要围绕本研究关键科学问题“稀疏微波成像非模糊重建”展开研究，结合稀疏微波成像体制，研究多维度稀疏信号特征信息挖掘方法，提出稀疏微波成像距离多普勒二维解耦成像重建算子，建立稀疏微波成像重构算法，实现微波成像大数据量的快速求解。主要研究内容包括：基于稀疏优化的空时频域先验信息挖掘方法、稀疏微波成像非模糊重建理论和方法、非理想运动平台稀疏微波成像处理和稀疏微波成像快速算法研究。主要工作进展包括：1）基于目标在空间的稀疏表征，揭示观测对象在空间维度的先验信息调制机理，实现短孔径下的方位高分辨成像。2）进行了稀疏步进频率雷达成像体制设计和高分辨成像算法研究，有效降低步进频率雷达的回波数据量和外界干扰的概率。3）基于稀疏孔径数据，揭示观测对象在方位时间维度的先验信息调制机理，展开了方位孔径稀疏采样的雷达体制设计和高分辨成像算法研究。4）提出了一种基于稀疏表征的自聚焦算法，研究了存在运动误差下的稀疏微波成像非模糊重建算法，完善了可嵌入运动补偿的稀疏微波成像处理框架。5）展开了宽幅海洋多舰船目标高分辨成像的体制设计和算法研究，提出了一种单天线体制下的Fast-ScanSAR海洋多舰船成像算法，并完善了稀疏微波成像非模糊重建理论框架和方法体系。6）展开了稀疏采样体制下的运动目标检测和成像算法研究。通过方位稀疏采样方式优化设计，基于运动目标先验信息挖掘技术研究，利用稀疏信号处理算法实现运动目标的高分辨非模糊重建。
　　关键词：稀疏微波成像；非模糊重建；非理想平台；快速算法
　　Abstract：Research on the key scientific problem of unambiguous reconstruction for sparse microwave imaging， the projection combines the system design of sparse microwave imaging to study the method of multi-dimension information exploitation. Then a 2D Range-Doppler decoupling operator of sparse microwave imaging is constructed to constitute the reconstruction algorithm of sparse microwave imaging， achieving the fast solution in the case of large amount of data. The main concept consists of the optimization information exploits in space， time and frequency domain， theory and method of unambiguous reconstruction algorithm for sparse microwave imaging， sparse microwave imaging process in the case of non-ideal platform moving and study on sparse microwave imaging fast recovering algorithm. The main achievements of the research are listed as follows： 1） Based on the sparse representation of target in the azimuth dimension， high azimuth resolution imaging with short aperture can be achieved via the theory of priori information modulation in the space domain. 2） The system of sparse stepped-frequency Radar imaging is designed and high resolution imaging algorithm is studied to effectively reduce the quantity of radar echo data amounts and the probability of outside interference. 3） Based on sparse aperture data， the azimuth aperture sparse sampling radar system is designed and high resolution imaging algorithm is studied via the theory of priori information modulation in the azimuth-time dimension domain. 4） An auto-focusing algorithm based on sparse representation is proposed， unambiguous reconstruction algorithm based on sparse microwave imaging in the case of non-ideal platform moving is studied， thus we design the framework of sparse microwave imaging embed in motion errors. 5） The system and algorithm of high resolution imaging on wide-swath ocean multiple ships is studied， an algorithm of single-antenna Fast-ScanSAR is proposed， thus we perfect the theoretical framework and method system of unambiguous reconstruction algorithm based on sparse microwave imaging. 6） Based on sparse sampling， the moving target detection and imaging algorithm is studied. To achieve high resolution unambiguous reconstruction on moving target using sparse signal process technique， we design the optimization method of sparse sampling in the azimuth dimension and study of priori information exploitation of moving target.
　　Keywords：sparse microwave imaging； unambiguous reconstruction； non-ideal platform moving； fast recovering algorithm
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