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表语形容词的主要用法探究

来源:用户上传      作者: 郭秀琴

  顾名思义,所谓表语形容词,就是指只能作表语的形容词。英语中以a-开头的形容词就是这样的形容词。前缀a-一般含有in,on,at等意思,如:asleep=in+sleep睡着的;afire=on+fire着火的;aslant=at+slant倾斜的。
  常见的以a-开头的形容词在中学英语课本中有afire(燃烧着),aflame(燃烧的),afloat(在水上漂浮的),afraid(害怕的),alight(点着的,发亮的),alike(同样的,相似的),alive(活着的,活泼的),ashamed(惭愧的,羞耻的),aslant(倾斜的),asleep(睡着的,睡熟的),awake(醒着的,意识到),aware(知道的,意识到的)等,现将其主要用法介绍如下:
  一、作表语
  1.单独作表语
  The whole building was soon aflame.整个建筑物不久就燃烧了起来。
  A fire started in the roof and soon all the house was alight.火从屋顶烧起来,很快整个房子烧着了。
  2.以a-开头的形容词作表语时
  (1)介词短语
  She was afraid of losing her job.她害怕失去工作。
  He felt something akin to pity.他感到有一种近于怜悯的感觉。
  (2)动词不定式
  He is afraid to dive into the swimming pool.他不敢在游泳池里跳水。
  I am ashamed to ask you for help.真不好意思向你请求帮助。
  (3)从句
  The thief was not aware that I was watching him.那个小偷不知道我在盯着他。
  I was too sleepy to be aware how cold it was.我太困了,不知道究竟冷到什么程度。
  二、作定语
  1.以a-开头的形容词一般不能作前置定语,只可作后置定语。例如:
  Markevitch is the finest baseball player alive.马科维奇是当今最优秀的棒球运动员。
  Business people,foreigners and families alike are making good use of the growing industry.商人、外国人和一些相似的家庭正充分利用这个成长中的产业。
  注意:在名词之前,一般要用专门的形容词,如:用waking代替awake,用sleeping代替asleep,用live或living代替alive,用frightened代替afraid等。如:
  The Sleeping Beauty is a famous fairy tale.《睡美人》是一个著名的童话故事。
  A living dog is better than a dead lion.(Prov.)活狗胜于死狮。(谚语)
  2.当以a-开头的形容词本身带有副词修饰时,则可以位于名词前面作前置定语。例如:
  He is one of the most politically aware young men around.他是那儿最有政治头脑的青年之一。
  The doctor looked at the fully awake patient and went out.医生看了看完全醒来的病人,然后走了出去。
  Mother gazed at her half asleep baby.母亲凝视着她那半睡的婴儿。
  三、作补足语
  1.作宾语补足语。
  People who find hibernating animals asleep often think that they were dead.发现处于冬眠中的动物在睡眠,人们常常认为它们死了。
  However,the king was pleased with his kindness towards the six little men and decided to keep him alive.然而,国王对格列弗对待那六个小人的友好行为感到满意,因此决定不杀他。
  The news of victory kept us alive in excitement.胜利的消息使我们兴奋。
  2.作主语补足语。
  Only ten people were found alive after the crash.飞机坠毁后,发现只有十个人还活着。
  The villagers were buried alive by the Japanese soldiers.村民们被日本鬼子活埋了。
  3.用在with的复合结构中,作宾语补足语,表示伴随情况。
  The policeman is standing there with arm akimbo.那个警察双手叉着腰站在那儿。
  He sang an inspiring song with heart afire at the concert.在音乐会上,他热血沸腾地唱了一首鼓舞人心的歌曲。
  The eagle sailed with its wings aslant.那只鹰倾斜着翅膀飞翔。
  表语形容词在英语表述中有重要作用,只有牢记它的功能,才能运用自如。
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