庐山山地红壤养分状况研究

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　　摘要    為了明确庐山土壤剖面养分状况及各营养元素之间的关系，在庐山红壤分布区挖取土壤剖面观察土壤分层与形态，分析A、B、C不同层次的有机质、氮磷钾及微量元素的含量。结果表明，红壤有机质、速效钾和有效铜含量的变化趋势大致相同，即随着土壤深度的增加而减少。其中，有机质和有效铜含量随土壤深度的增加而下降明显，有机质含量从15.68 g/kg下降至5.67 g/kg，降幅63.84%;有效铜含量从0.52 mg/kg下降至0.06 mg/kg，降幅88.46%。与之相反，有效硼的含量则随着土壤深度的增加而增加，且增幅明显。红壤全氮含量在A、B层之间差异不明显，而在C层中含量较上面2层少，且降幅明显;速效磷的含量则出现了“高—低—高”的分布情况。红壤有机质与有效硼、有效铜在各层次中的分布均呈现出线性关系，其中有机质与有效硼成负相关，与有效铜则成正相关。庐山山地红壤养分含量不足，盐基淋失、酸化现象较为明显，各养分含量之间关系密切，本研究为今后的红壤改良提供了参考。
　　关键词    山地红壤;养分状况;庐山
　　中图分类号    S158        文献标识码    A
　　文章编号   1007-5739（2019）17-0180-03                                                                                     开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）
　　Abstract    In order to understand the nutrient status and the relationship between the nutrient elements in the soil profile of Lushan Mountain，the soil stratification and morphology were observed by digging soil profile of red soil distribution area in Lushan Mountain，and the contents of organic matter，nitrogen，phosphorus，potassium and trace elements in different layers of A，B and C were analyzed.The results showed that the change trends of organic matter，available potassium and available copper in red soil were similar，which all decreased with the increase of soil depth.Among them，the content of organic matter and available copper decreased significantly with the increase of soil depth. The organic matter decreased from 15.68 g/kg to 5.67 g/kg，which decreased by 63.84%.The content of available copper decreased from 0.52 mg/kg to 0.06 mg/kg，which decreased by 88.46%.On the contrary，the content of available boron increased with the increase of soil depth，and the increase was obvious.There was no significant difference in total nitrogen content between A and B layers in red soil，but the content in C layer was less than that in the upper two layers，and the decrease was obvious.The available phosphorus content showed the distribution status of "high-low-high".The distribution of organic matter in red soil was linear with available boron and copper in all layers，and there was a negative correlation between organic matter and available boron，but a positive correlation between organic matter and available copper.The nutrient content of the red soil in Lushan Mountain is insufficient，and the phenomena of salt leaching and acidification are relatively obvious.There is a close relationship among the nutrient contents，which provides a reference for the improvement of the red soil in the future.
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