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股静脉留置针穿刺在外周静脉穿刺困难休克患者中的应用

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  [摘要]目的 探讨股静脉留置针穿刺在外周静脉穿刺困难休克患者中的应用效果。方法 选取本院2017年7月~2018年12月收治的80例外周静脉穿刺困难休克患者,依据随机数字表法分成对照组与观察组,每组40例。对照组经中心静脉置管建立输液通路治疗,观察组则采用留置针实施股静脉穿刺建立输液通路治疗,比较两组的首次穿刺成功率、穿刺时间、并发症发生情况及留置时间。结果 两组的穿刺成功率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组的导管脱落发生率为7.50%,高于对照组的0.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的穿刺局部血肿发生率为2.50%,低于对照组的10.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组的血栓形成、气胸、误穿动脉、导管堵塞发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组的穿刺时间、留置时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 对外周静脉穿刺困难休克患者行股静脉留置针穿刺治疗的效果较好,并发症少,临床应用价值高。
  [关键词]股静脉穿刺;留置针;中心静脉置管;休克
  [中图分类号] R472.2          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1674-4721(2019)10(b)-0210-03
  [Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of femoral vein indwelling needle puncture in shock patients with peripheral vein puncture difficulty. Methods A total of 80 shock patients with peripheral vein puncture difficulty admitted to our hospital from July 2017 to December 2018 were selected and divided into the control group and the observation group according to random number table method, 40 cases in each group. The control group was treated by central venous catheterization, and the observation group was treated by femoral venous puncture with indwelling needle. The success rate, puncture time, complications and indwelling time of the first puncture were compared between the two groups. Results There was no significant difference in puncture success rate between the two groups (P>0.05). The incidence of catheter shedding in the observation group was 7.50%, which was higher than 0.00% in the control group, with significant difference (P<0.05). The incidence of puncture hematoma in the observation group was 2.50%, which was lower than that in the control group (10.00%), with significant difference (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of thrombosis, pneumothorax, mispuncture of artery and duct occlusion between the two groups (P>0.05). The puncture time and indwelling time in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Femoral vein indwelling needle puncture has better effect, fewer complications and high clinical application value for shock patients with peripheral vein puncture difficulty.
  [Key words] Femoral vein puncture; Indwelling needle; Central venous catheterization; Shock
  在對患者进行抢救时,快速、高效地建立静脉输液通路,及时使用所需急救药物,以最快速度、最高效率及时补充机体原本所丧失的体液、电解质,增加血容量,改善体内微循环,保持血压、心率稳定,能够达到有效治疗的目的[1]。针对休克患者而言,因其周围循环已经趋向衰竭,或已经衰竭、停滞,且血管存在不同程度塌陷,这势必会增大外周静脉穿刺的操作难度,易出现穿刺不成功的情况。有报道指出[2],对外周静脉穿刺困难休克患者行股静脉留置针穿刺治疗,可获得较好效果。本研究选取在本院救治的外周静脉穿刺困难者,采用留置针实施股静脉穿刺建立输液通路,获得了较好的抢救效果,现报道如下。   综上所述,在外周静脉穿刺困难休克急救中,实施股静脉留置针穿刺可取得较好的效果,且并发症少,具有较高的综合应用价值。
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  (收稿日期:2019-03-18  本文编辑:祁海文)
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