口服HIF稳定剂与静脉补铁治疗肾性贫血的临床观察
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【摘要】 目的:比较口服低氧诱导因子(hypoxia - inducible factors,HIF)稳定剂与静脉应用蔗糖铁、右旋糖酐铁治疗肾性贫血的临床疗效和安全性。方法:选取2017年1-12月菏泽市立医院肾脏内科收治的慢性肾脏病并肾性贫血的患者90例,以治疗药物的不同将口服HIF稳定剂的患者30例为A组,静脉用蔗糖铁的患者30例为B组,静脉用右旋糖酐铁的患者30例为C组。在给予促红细胞生成素(EPO)基础上,持续治疗6周观察2周,总8周,比较三组患者基本血液学指标[红细胞计数(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、网织红细胞计数(RET)、红细胞比容(HCT)]及铁四项指标即[血清铁(Fe)、血清铁蛋白(SF)、总铁结合力(TS )及转铁蛋白饱和度(TSAT)]。观察三组患者不良反应(血糖变化、过敏、胃肠不适、静脉炎、口腔异味等)发生情况。结果:患者临床疗效A组明显优于B、C组。治疗前,三组患者血液学基本指标和铁四项指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗8周后,B、C组比较血液学指标、铁相关指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组与B、C组比较,血液学指标、铁四项指标、EPO剂量比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三组患者不良反应中过敏、胃肠不适、静脉炎、口腔异味比较差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。结论:口服HIF稳定剂与静脉应用蔗糖铁或右旋糖酐铁都能有效改善慢性腎脏病并肾性贫血,而口服HIF稳定剂能稳定血液指标、增加总铁结合力、降低血清铁蛋白、减少EPO剂量,安全性较高,不良反应少,增加患者依从性。
【关键词】 低氧诱导因子; 蔗糖铁; 右旋糖酐; 肾性贫血
【Abstract】 Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of oral hypoxia-inducing factors(HIF)stabilizers and intravenous use of sucrose iron and dextrin iron in the treatment of renal anemia.Method:From January 2017 to December 2017,90 patients with chronic renal disease and renal anemia were admitted to the Department of Kidney Medicine of Heze City Hospital,they were divided into three groups according the different drugs.30 patients with oral HIF stabilizers as group A,30 patients with intravenous sucrose iron as group B,30 patients with ferric anhydride for venous use as group C.Based on the administration of erythropoietin(EPO),continuous treatment for 6 weeks,observation for 2 weeks,for a total of 8 weeks,the basic hematologic indicators of 3 groups of patients[ Red blood cell count(RBC),hemoglobin(Hb),reticulated red blood cell count(RET),red blood cell specific capacity(HCT)].The four indicators of iron and iron were[ Serum iron(Fe),serum ferritin(SF),total iron binding force(TS)and transferrin saturation(TSAT)] of three groups were compared.The occurrence of adverse reactions(blood pressure changes,allergies,gastrointestinal discomfort,phlebitis,bad breath and so on)of three groups were observed.Result:The clinical curative effect of group A was better than that of group B and group C.There was no significant difference between the basic indexes of hematology and the four indexes of iron(P>0.05).After 8 weeks of observation,there was no significant difference between B and C groups in hematology and iron correlation(P>0.05).Compared with group A,B and C,the hematologic indicators,the iron four indicators and EPO dose were statistically significant(P<0.05).Adverse reactions of allergies,gastrointestinal discomfort,phlebitis and bad breath in three groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Oral HIF stabilizers and intravenous use of sucrose iron or dextran iron can effectively improve the blood index of patients with chronic renal disease and renal anemia,while oral HIF stabilizers can stabilize blood index,increase total iron binding force,reduce serum ferritin,and reduce EPO dose.It has higher safety,less adverse reactions,increased patients’ compliance. 低氧诱导因子(HIF)是一组具有成千上万的靶基因谱及转录活性的核蛋白,是细胞内的一种重要的转录因子,在肾性贫血患者机体缺氧时可参与促红细胞生成素、炎性因子和铁代谢的调节[14]。CKD患者由于摄入受限、肠吸收功能受损或透析造成血液损失,造成组织缺氧。EPO是一种高度糖基化蛋白,通过结合细胞膜上EPO受体而发挥刺激红细胞增生、分化和成熟作用,而低氧是刺激红细胞生成的经典途径,HIF是参与细胞低氧应答的主要介质,由亚基HIF-1α与HIF-2α共同协同,促进氧的转运,改变特定细胞的基因表达,从而提高肾脏和肝脏的EPO表达,增加铁的利用,改变骨髓环境,维持干细胞稳定、祖系分化和成熟[15]。Roxadustat(FG-4592)是一种低氧诱导因子脯氨酰羟化酶抑制剂(HIF-PHIs),半衰期较短,可以通过抑制脯氨酰羟化酶(PHD)和模拟细胞内缺氧反应直接活化HIF,间断服用可直接刺激EPO产生,近年来已被临床认可成为治疗肾性贫血的一类新药。且文献[16]报道HIF具有多方面优点:(1)生理范围内血浆EPO维持稳定,避免红细胞生成刺激剂(ESA)静脉应用引起的血浆EPO超生理状态增加;(2)促进铁吸收及动员,减少静脉铁剂应用,降低相关不良反应;(3)口服具有更有效的调节性能,稳定血液中各生化指标,使过度干预靶标带来的风险降到最低。李作林等[17]阐述了口服HIF稳定剂(FG-4592)的另外优势:不需要补充铁剂,不受炎症影响,对重度肝损伤患者具有良好的耐受性。Besarab等[18]纳入116例CKD3-4期非透析患者口服(FG-4592),结果患者血红蛋白水平明显增加,随访2周期血红蛋白水平基本稳定不变,且FG-4592增加内生EPO、增加铁的利用率并降低铁调素表达。在维持血液透析者中同样发现FG-4592对于增加血红蛋白、抑制铁调素的作用均优于EPO,且无不良反应增加[19]。即使在铁已达饱和状态下CKD的透析者中,FG-4592仍可增加口服或静脉铁剂刺激血红蛋白合成的效率[20]。由此可见,FG-4592对非透析、透析肾性贫血患者均可使用,通过口服给药而发挥治疗作用,大大提高患者的依从性。
多项临床试验已经证实低氧诱导因子(HIF)稳定剂作为一种新特药对改善肾性贫血的显著效果,且安全可靠,副作用小,使用方便,但对患者的潜在风险还需要更多的研究人群,需要更深更细的探究和对患者长期的随访观察。
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(收稿日期:2018-08-31) (本文編辑:周亚杰)
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