基于Watson人文关怀理论的护理模式在血液透析护理中的应用及对患者生活质量的影响

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　　 【摘要】 目的：探讨基于Watson人文关怀理论的护理模式在血液透析护理中的应用及对患者生活质量的影响。方法：选取2017年10月-2018年10月收治的102例血液透析患者作为研究对象，应用双色球法随机均分为对照组和观察组。其中对照组患者给予常规护理模式进行干预，观察组患者在对照组基础上给予基于Watson人文关怀理论的护理模式进行干预。比较分析两组患者干预后对所接受护理模式的评价效果、并发症发生情况、干预前后的生活质量。结果：观察组患者的总满意度为98.04%，显著高于对照组的80.39%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患者干预后躯体职能、心理职能、情绪职能、认知职能和社会职能评分均显著高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患者的并发症发生率为1.96%，显著低于对照组的21.57%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：在血液透析患者护理中应用基于Watson人文关怀理论的护理模式进行干预，显著提高患者干预后对所接受护理模式的满意度，改善生活质量，降低并发症发生率，具有较高推广价值。
　　 【关键词】 Waston人文关怀 血液透析 生活质量
　　 [Abstract] Objective： To explore the application of Watson’s humanistic care model in the nursing of hemodialysis and its impact on patients’ quality of life of patients. Method： A total of 102 cases of hemodialysis patients admitted from October 2017 to October 2018 were selected as the research objects. The patients were randomly divided into control group and observation group by double-color ball method. The patients in the control group were given routine nursing mode for intervention， while the patients in the observation group were given Watson’s humanistic care theory-based nursing mode for intervention on the basis of the control group. The evaluation effect of nursing mode， complications and quality of life before and after intervention were compared and analyzed between the two groups. Result： The total satisfaction rate of the patients in the observation group was 98.04%， which was significantly higher than 80.39% of the control group， the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. After intervention， the scores of physical function， psychological function， emotional function， cognitive function and social function in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group， the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. The incidence of complications in the observation group was 1.96%， which was significantly lower than 21.57% in the control group， the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. Conclusion： The application of Watson’s humanistic care theory in the nursing of hemodialysis patients can significantly improve the satisfaction with the nursing model， improve the quality of life and reduce the incidence of complications， which is of great value for promotion.
　　 [Key words] Waston’s humanistic care Hemodialysis Quality of life
　　 First-author’s address： The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University， Xiamen 361003， China
　　 血液透析是通過把急慢性肾衰竭患者体内血液引流至体外，经过透析器与含机体浓度相似的电解质溶液（透析液）通过弥散、超滤、吸附和对流原理进行物质交换，进而起到替代肾脏清除废物、维持电解质和酸碱平衡、清除体内过多的水分的作用[1]。虽然该方法治疗急慢性肾衰竭具有较高的效果，需长期治疗，具有侵入性，极易使得患者出现生理不适和心理障碍，影响治疗效果，进而影响患者的生活质量[2-3]。然而，Waston人文关怀理论认为人性照护是护理的本质，应充分关注护理对象的主观经历和内心世界，充分凸显出护理人文性，改善患者就医体验[4]。同时有研究报道，Waston人文关怀理论已在消化内科等进行开展，效果较佳[5]。鉴于此，本文为了探讨基于Watson人文关怀理论的护理模式在血液透析护理中的应用及对患者生活质量的影响，选取2017年10月-2018年10月收治的102例血液透析患者进行研究，现报告如下。
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