脑电双频指数(BIS) 对异丙酚镇静深度的调控作用
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作者: 温来友 陈建庆 缪建中 吴 震 黄 兵 李 峰
【摘要】目的:探讨脑电双频指数对异丙酚镇静深度的调控作用。方法:60例ASAI~II级择期在颈丛阻滞下行甲状腺次全切除术患者,随机分为对照组和调控组,每组30例。术中持续输注异丙酚,对照组4~8mg・kg-1・h-1,调控组依据BIS值(40~60)维持输注速率。记录术中异丙酚维持用量、发声时间、术毕定向力恢复时间。结果:调控组异丙酚维持用量明显少于对照组,P<0.05;调控组的发声时间、术毕定向力回复时间显著短于对照组,P<0.05。结论:在颈丛阻滞下行甲状腺次全切除术,脑电双频指数是调控异丙酚镇静深度的有效指标。
【关键词】脑电双频指数;异丙酚;镇静;调控作用
【中图分类号】R971.3 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1008-6455(2010)08-0217-01
Effect of propofol for consciousness sedation by BIS feedback
Wen Laiyou Chen Jianqing Miao Jianzhong Wu Zhen Huang Bing LiFeng
【Abstract】Objective:To investigate the feasibility of propofol for conscious sedation by BIS feedback. Methods Sixty ASA I~II patients undergoing elective thyroidectomy with cervical plexus block were enrolled in this study.The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=20 in each group). The patients in group regulation were given intravenous infusion of propofol at the dose of making BIS of 40~60, while those in group control were given propofol at the dose of l 4~8mg・kg-1・h-1. The amount of propofol used for intravenous infusion and phonation time as well as time of recovery about directive force were recorded. Results:The dose of propofol for intravenous infusion in group regulation was (268.48±38.74) mg which was significantly less than (342.34±32.35) mg in group control (P<0.05). Phonation time and time of recovery about directive force in group regulation were obviously lower than those in group control (P<0.05). Conclusion:BIS can be used as an effective indicator to regulated sedation of propofol by intravenous infusion in patients undergoing elective thyroidectomy with cervical plexus block.
【Key words】BIS; Propofol;Sedation;Feedback control
颈丛阻滞下行甲状腺手术,因体位、牵拉、压迫等操作可致病人不适感,术中常辅以镇静、镇痛药[1]。但用药量无法保证术中及时让病人恢复神智发声以确认喉返神经有无损伤,我们应用脑电双频指数(BIS)调控异丙酚术中镇静深度,取得很好的效果,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料:2009年10月~2010年6月60例ASAI~II级择期在颈丛阻滞下行甲状腺次全切除术患者,随机分为对照组和调控组,每组30例。其中男24例,女36例,年龄23岁~65岁,体重43kg~64kg,术前无高血压、心血管疾病及糖尿病病史。
1.2 方法:术前30min肌注阿托品0.5mg、鲁米那0.1g,入室后常规监测血压、脉搏氧饱和度、心电图,鼻导管吸氧2L・min-1,开放外周静脉,给予咪唑安定0.05mg・kg-1,芬太尼1ug・kg-1。所有患者0.25%罗哌卡因+1%利多卡因行双侧颈深(3~4ml)、浅丛阻滞(8~10ml)。术始两组均给予1.5mg. kg-1异丙酚作为诱导量,对照组根据临床经验持续输注异丙酚4~8mg・kg-1・h-1,调控组依据BIS值(40~60)调控异丙酚输注速率,BIS小于50调低速率,大于60调高速率。手术医生提前5min说明需要病人发声,即时停药。
1.3 观察指标:记录术中异丙酚维持用量、发声时间(停药后至病人发声时间)、术毕定向力恢复时间(术毕停药至能说出自己生日的时间)。
1.4 统计学处理用:SPSS13.0软件行统计学分析,采用方差分析,计量资料用均数±标准差表示(x±s),计数资料采用卡方检验,P<0.05有显著性差异。
2 结果
所有患者均成功进行了手术,术中无躁动不安。两组患者的性别、年龄、体重、手术时间等一般情况无统计学差异,P>0.05,见表1。
3 讨论
手术剥离甲状腺或甲状腺瘤时,特别是处理上、下极时,病人都会产生不适感,甚至较强烈的牵拉痛,患者出现躁动、焦虑和恐惧感,严重影响手术的操作及病人的安全[2]。而甲状腺次全切除术则要求颈部充分显露,术中要求病人合作,通常需要辅助应用镇痛药、镇静药,消除不适感。临床上多采用芬太尼、哌替啶等阿片类药以及咪唑安定等镇静药,但用药剂量过大,影响术中配合。
异丙酚起效快、半衰期短,临床常微泵持续泵入维持一定的麻醉镇静,但个体用量差异较大。BIS是监测大脑皮层镇静程度的敏感指标,一般认为麻醉过程中BIS值在40~60较为理想。丙泊酚是通过抑制大脑皮层产生麻醉作用,BIS值与该药的浓度具有良好的相关性,随着丙泊酚血药浓度的增加和麻醉作用增强,BIS值相应降低[3],因此可以通过监测BIS指导丙泊酚的维持用量,也可通过BIS值反馈调节麻醉深度和丙泊酚浓度之间的关系。通过监测BIS值的变化,调控异丙酚的泵入速率,达到既能维持合适的镇静状态消除术中不适感,又能根据手术需要及时唤醒病人[4],以确认喉返神经有无损伤。本研究显示,使用BIS作为异丙酚镇静程度的指标,可以明显缩短发声时间和术毕定向力恢复时间,同时显著减少术中异丙酚维持用量,说明通过BIS可以调控最佳药物剂量,减少镇静状态下可能的超量用药,停药后患者恢复快。
综上所述,在颈丛阻滞下行甲状腺次全切除术中应用BIS调控异丙酚镇静深度,可以明显减少丙泊酚的用量,停药后神志恢复快,有效满足手术需求。
参考文献
[1] Sindjelic RP, Vlajkovic GP, Davidovic LB, et al. The addition of fentanyl to local anesthetics affects the quality and duration of cervical plexus block: a randomized, controlled trial. Anesth Analg,2010,111(1):234-7
[2] Suri KB, Hunter CW, Davidov T,et al. Postoperative recovery advantages in patients undergoing thyroid and parathyroid surgery under regional anesthesia. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth,2010,14(1):49-50
[3] Khurana P, Agarwal A, Verma R, et al. Comparison of Midazolam and Propofol for BIS-Guided Sedation During Regional Anaesthesia. Indian J Anaesth, 2009, 53 (6):662-6
[4] Janda M, Bajorat J, Simanski O,et al. Feedback control of depth of anesthesia during propofol administration. Bispectral index as the controlled variable. Anaesthesist,2010, 59(7):621-7
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