对分课堂教学模式应用到大学英语写作中的教学改革初探
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摘 要:大學英语是非外语专业本科生的必修课程之一,对培养学生的英语思维能力、语言表达能力等多方面的能力具有不可替代的作用。通过分析对分课堂的教学特点,阐明了这种新型教学模式在教学中的作用,进而提高教学质量。
关键词:大学英语;对分课堂;教学改革
中图分类号:G624
大学英语是大学本科非英语专业学生学习的一个重要组成部分,占据着重要位置。在实际教学中,许多学生的英语水平得不到提高,对于词汇、短语、时态等概念较多,语法变化多样,导致学生产生厌学情绪,究其原因,是学生对学习英语的兴趣不强,学习积极性不高,缺乏主观积极性,对于很多知识的认识没有得到充分理解并加以练习。
在英语写作方面,由于词汇量较小,且对于时态、语法或习语等方面的积累不够充分,容易出现较多的漏洞。另一方面,课堂上的时间有限,留给学生充分思考的过程较短。为此,如何改进传统的教学模式以提高现有英语教学效果成为教育界关注的一个热点。2014年由复旦大学的张学新教授提出了“对分课堂”的概念,即课堂学习的方式为一半由教师讲授,另一半为学生自己讨论学习。这种教学模式具体可看做上半场由教师教授,后半场学生自由讨论并展示所学成果[1-5]。本文将通过以下两个具体例子,说明对分课堂教学模式对大学英语中的写作课程教学的重要性。
示例1:
How to solve the problem of heavy traffic
(1)为解决交通难,有人建议多造马路。(2)有人则建议限制自行车和小汽车。(3)我的看法[6-8]。
这是一篇比较型的议论文,考察学生运用对比的方式来阐述自己的观点。对此,我们在讲授此类作文时,要让学生在讨论时注意两方面的优缺点,同时要确立自己的观点,并在写作中有所侧重。在具体写作时,对支持的一面,要尽可能多的阐述其优点,尽量少的描述缺点;对不支持的一面,要尽可能少的写这一方面的优点,甚至一笔带过或忽略,而对其缺陷则要大写特写。只有这样,才能将作者的观点表达清楚。先通过这样的介绍,让学生对这种作文的写作有一个大体的思路。进一步,把一些可能会用到的词汇、短语介绍给学生。其次,在让学生分组进行讨论,使学生加深对此类作文写法的思路和方法,同时也让学生自己寻找适合该题目作文的词句等。最后让学生自己练习完成写作,并给于批改点评。
在具体写作前,教师可以引导学生分别就两方面进行分析对比,并进行不同的探讨,最后得出结论。因此,可以给出如下的写作范本。依此,让学生写出自己的作文。
How to solve the problem of heavy traffic
Nowadays,heavy traffic has becomea series problem in many big cities.As it can cause serious trouble to people’s daily life and economic development,governments have started to call upon experts for advice to tackle the problem.
Some of them suggest that the government should help build more streets and roads.They believe this measure can solve traffic congestion by increasing traffic flow while reducing traffic density.But as people crowd into big cities over the progress of urbanization,the number of vehicles constantly rise and hence whatever scale of road networks constructed for them are filled.In cities where industry is booming,land is precious and cannot be unlimitedly used for increasing flow of vehicles.So some others argue that the number of private transport such as bicycles and cars should be restricted and public transport such as buses,subways be encouraged as it can facilitate more passengers.But the decrease in the number of private transport might lead to another new set of problems,such as inconvenience to those who cannot easily access public transport. Since both suggestions are not cure to heavy traffic if enacted separately,I would suggest that the two solutions combined may produce a better effect.
示例2:
If there were no advertisements
(1)有人認为广告完全没有必要。(2)有人认为我们社会离不开广告。(3)我的观点[6-8]。
这是一篇批判型议论文,通过对其中一个看法进行批判与反驳,进而引出与之对立的观点的优势,并进一步阐述自己的观点和看法。一般来说,在有争议的命题上,我们要设法找到其缺点和错误之处并对其进行批评,之后给出自己的见解。在进行具体的写作前,可将一些缺点和错误相对应的词汇,如false,deceptive,fail to介绍给学生,使学生能够了解此类词语,再通过学生分组间的讨论,并自行完成作文内容。最后,对学生们的作文进行点评。在作文点评时,可以给出如下的写作范本。
If there were no advertisements
Nowadays,our daily lives are penetrated by various advertisements.Information such as job recruitments,houses for rent,Christmas sales,places for summer vacation,expositions,and concerts are advertised on newspaper,TV screen,roadside billboards or posters on streets.Huge sums are spent on advertisements.
Some people wonder whether it is necessary to spend huge fees on advertisements while they can be saved to improve product quality,working environment,workers’ salaries,or performance fees.They point it out that advertisement language is exaggerative and pictures of products are shiny to attract potential consumers,many of whom fall victims to the false and deceptive advertisements.They suggest that since advertising fee is huge and the customers’ interest may be harmed,we should stop advertising.It may sound reasonable,but they fail to notice the benefits advertising bring to us.Since the aim of advertisers is to compete for consumers’ money,advertising provide consumers with a great chance to compare products and purchase the best at the cheapest price.In addition,since immediate and detailed information as to job vacancies,or big sales of certain products is assessable through advertisements,life becomes more convenient for people.The last but not the least,the low subscription fees to daily newspapers and TV programs is largely due to the money spent on advertising. My opinion on advertising is that the services provided by advertising to our society outperforms the harms it brings to us and those harms to our consumers’ interests can be reduced if proper regulations are enforced.
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作者简介:张科科(1983-),女,汉族,山西阳泉人,博士,重庆师范大学外国语学院助教,主要从事语言测试领域的研究。
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